IMPACT OF LOCAL OIL PRICES ON THE AUTOMOBILE SALES Acknowledgements - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3404 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Abstract The objective of this research is to study and understand the relation between the oil prices and the sales of automobiles. The escalation in the petroleum prices plays a major role in the automobile industry worldwide. When the price of oil increases, it evidently alarms the automobile industry because the auto companies are in the competition with one another to fulfill the new demands for more fuel efficient consumer mindful at condensed price. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "IMPACT OF LOCAL OIL PRICES ON THE AUTOMOBILE SALES Acknowledgements" essay for you Create order Furthermore, rise in the petroleum prices also impacts the kind of means of transportation demanded by the buyer and the way those vehicle motors are designed. However after studying the oil price impact on Pakistanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s automobile industry sales we have concluded that the relationship of oil prices and auto sales does not exists in Pakistan. Contents Acknowledgements II Abstract III Contents IV 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 The Impact of Rising Oil Prices on Automobile Sales: 1 Background of Pakistanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Automobile industry 4 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 5 4.0 RESEARCH METHOD 14 5.0 HYPOTHESIS TESTING 15 5.1 INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT VARIABLE 15 5.1.1 Independent Variable à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" domestic oil prices 15 5.1.2 Dependent Variable à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Pakistanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Auto mobile Sales 16 6.0 DATA ANALYSIS: 17 7.0 CONCLUSION IMPLICATIONS 19 8.0 REFERENCES 20 List of Tables: Table 6.1 ANOVA and level of Significance 18 Table 6.2: Regression Statistics of the tested variables 18 1.0 INTRODUCTION The Impact of Rising Oil Prices on Automobile Sales: Impact of oil in daily life is quite evident. Oil is considered as a strategic energy for economic time line. The price of oil has an effect on cost of production in diversified ways such as with the increase in oil prices, there is an increase in the costs of transportation of export, import and goods for local expenditure. Apart from this there is also an upward slope in rates of air, road, rail and sea transportation with the rise in the price petroleum. Oil endows with 97% of the transportation fuels that facilitates in running the trucks cars and other automobiles in the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s highway. Thus, when the price of the oil increases, it evidently alarms the automobile industry because the auto-companies are in competition with one another to fulfill the new demands for more fuel proficient consumer mindful at condensed price. There are no reservations that profit margin of the companies are affected by this. Furthermore, rise in oil price also affects the kind of means of transportation demanded by the buyer and the way those vehicle motors are designed. The escalation in the petroleum prices plays a major part in the automotive industry. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The world consumes over 82 million barrels of oil per day (BPD), with the united states taking roughly 20 million BPDà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?1. Petroleum is one of the most essential contributions in a nations economy and its price has extensive economic and social impacts. Various researches illustrate that the price of petroleum in Pakistan is considerably high either with or without involving per capita income and it needs to be leveled downwards in order to guarantee competitiveness of Pakistanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s exports and lessen the burden on the buying competence of the nation. Nevertheless, this cannot be a simple task as Pakistan heavily depends upon imported oil in order to fulfill its petroleum necessity and the development surcharges and the import revenues compose a major sector of the Government income. However, a feasible and reasonable solution to trim down oil price is needed keeping in sight the revenue making facet and the prevailing global prices of crude oil. The major reason of escalated oil prices is linked with the demand of oil and the complication in oil refineries. Petroleum is used usually for two reasons: Firstly, in the gasoline production and secondly in the production of tires. In the US, during the last few years the prices of gasoline have risen up considerably reaching on an average over $ 3.00/gallon (EIA-Energy Information Administration).Oil is considered as the main element in the tires production. With the increase in the oil prices, the cost and expenditure in making the tires escalates, the cost to heat up or cool the manufacturing plant where tires are produced increases, and eventually escalates the expenditure of shipping the tires to further destinations. Because of the rise in the price of petroleum, the tire makers are also increasing the price of tires. The automobile sector is affected by both, tire production and gasoline prices as the profit margins are affected by the rise in oil prices and tire production prices. The automobile industry catastrophe, currently worldwide phenomena, started during 2008-H2. The automotive sector is going through a crisis condition in US and Canada because of the Automobile products Trade Agreement. Nevertheless, all auto makers worldwide, especially in Japan and Europe are also facing the same crisis. The first fragile connection in the auto sector was the record high petroleum prices during 2008 which caused global oil crisis and made fuel costs and expenditures unreasonable, causing buyers to opt for smaller cars rather than larger SUVs (sports utility vehicles) and the pick up trucks. Background of Pakistanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Automobile industry The global oil crisis has affected Pakistan economy severely. Automobile sector has been greatly impacted by the oil price shocks. There had been consistency in the Gross Profit Margin of Pakistanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Automobile industry. It raised from FY01 (6.83) to FY03 (13.73).Then had a downward slope for two consecutive years to 12.17 (FY05), then remained stable for two more consecutive years (FY05 FY07).Since FY07 there has been a constant downward slope, reaching 6.14 (FY09) the diminishing Profit margin was because of the ever escalated cost of goods sold. The risen up cost is primarily due to the global oil price shocks and the high depreciation value of Rupee. The escalated costs were also linked to the high inflation rate during FY09. 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW Escalated oil prices have been accountable for periods of extreme inflation, recessions, and lower productivity and reduced economic growth. For the Automobile manufacturers the fuel price debate is nothing new. Due to predefined end of petroleum resources, the automakers have come up with various strategies to avert any sudden need for action. However till now, no one has clearly defined the oil supply definitive end. Kiseol Lee and Shawn Ni analyzed the effects of oil price shocks on demand and supply in automobile industry depicting the effect of oil price shocks mainly reducing demand. They suggested that oil price shocks influence economic activities. The first OPEC oil embargo in early 1970s has led to the start of debate over the oil shocks and its Macroeconomic effects. The most comprehensively surveyed theories on the direct consequence of oil price shocks incorporates thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? an input-cost effect, that higher energy cost lowers usage of oil which in turn lowers productivity of capital and labor; and an income effect, that higher cost of imported oil reduces disposable income of U.S. householdsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (K.Lee, 2002) According to an editorial in 1973-1974 oil crises: Automobile sales, especially for standard and medium-sized cars, began diminishing almost with the first realization that the energy crisis is reality. The trade-in value of big gas-guzzlers toppled unmercifully and some dealers were threatening not to take them in trade at all. Gasoline mileage, not size and comfort suddenly became the paramount concern for the consumer. (Wards Auto World) K.Lee contrasted to the situation in the petroleum refinery and industrial chemical industries which were bothered by the escalated cost of fuel, research in trade papers proposed considerable indications that the automotive industry distraught by the two fuel price shocks mainly due to the demand for larger vehicles stabbed. The effects of oil price hikes for nearly all other industries are less severe and intricate. The writings in trade journals of rubber, metals and other machinery industries often cited that the major factor of soggy economical activity is the dejected and depressed automotive market, however the highlighted that various sectors of these industries have also gained benefit from augmented economic activity in energy exploration and protection.(K Lee ,2002) The steel sector was adversely affected by the hunch in automotive sales. According to the Wardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Auto World, Chemical week and Industry Week magazines, the oil prices crunches lowered the demand for the metals by their effect on automobiles, housing and consumer durables. Globally, the auto mobile assemblers are facing financial crisis at their worst which is eventually leading to recession. In the same way , as Pakistan à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"s Auto Market is an export driven industry which attracts both foreign and locals investments, therefore is facing decreasing sales and production level and depicting a depressing future. Because of the present critical situation prevailing in the automobile sector, many companies are on the threshold of economic failure and bankruptcy. K Lee discussed that after an oil price shock, demand for vehicles is destabilized in view of the fact that a prospective new car holder may go for other ways of transportation to save the operating expenditure of vehicles, or delay buying a new car because ambiguity about future energy prices makes it difficult to come to a decision which type of automobile to purchase. Increase in Oil price also alters the composition of the automobile demand. As compared to the small-size cars, the demand for full-size cars is much more destabilized. The U.S. auto makers suffered more ruthlessly from rising and falling oil price because they manufacture inconsistently more full-size cars than their overseas competitors. Hamilton in 1988 mentioned in his writings that the oil crisis stimulate recessions primarily because a sharp increase in oil price escalates ambiguity and elevates operating costs and expenditures of several durable goods, which diminishes demand for durables, venture and investments. (Hamilton 1988, 1999). Brad M. Barber, Reid W. Click, Masako N. Darrough analyzed and empirically estimated the degree to which exchange rate and oil price alterations have contributed to this market swing. Increase in oil prices diminishes the amount of vehicles sold by the US auto makers, but conversely to the common idea, had minor effect on the Japanese auto mobile makers .That oil price effect reported 6.5 percent of the variance of alteration in monthly sales volume for US automobile manufacturers. They also discussed that productions costs are affected by oil prices hikes. For their research they used VAR to highlight the environmental issues that influence the cost of manufacturing and demand in the automobile industry. They clearly account for the effect of oil prices and exchange rates on manufacturing costs and the impact of oil prices and income on the demand for vehicles. Their outcomes suggested that the all the considered macroeconomic variables affected sales volumes as forecasted by the model they used. With reference to oil prices, escalated oil prices have certainly led to turn down in sales by the U.S automobile manufactures. Hamilton proposed that financial slumps tend to emerge after oil price trends. In particular, the worldwide inflationary strains of 2008 became rigorous with the spikes up in fuel prices shocks in the global financial system including Pakistan. Fuel prices with respect to domestic currency emphasized the fact that the delivering channels of global shocks via exchange rates variations put down major effects on the domestic inflation within the economy. According to Hamilton, the variations in oil prices in local currency are inflated and unpredictable in contrast to the variations in prices of oil in dollar terms particularly in 1999 and onwards. This underlines the details that the impacts of external oil price shocks have considerable effect upon local inflation via exchange rate variations in the economy (Hamilton, 2005). Bresnahan and Ramey discussed that the OPEC oil price shock in US during 1973 had major impact on the U.S auto mobile industry. It amplified the demand for smaller, fuel efficient cars and at the same time condensed the demand for larger cars. As the funds, financial stock and labor force were basically bound for the manufacturing and production of larger cars, therefore the U.S automotive companies were inadequate to respond to this oil price shock. As a result, capacity consumption, utilization and the output cut down during the period of Oil price shock. Only few plants were equipped to produce the small cars, manufacturing and operating at their peak capacity. (Bresnahan and Ramey ,1993). Steven J. Davis, John Haltiwanger studied the impact of oil price shocks on the creation and devastation of American automobile manufacturing employment from 1972 to 1988. The oil price shock unfavorably had an effect on the proximity between the preferred and actual characteristics of factor contributed in the automobile industry along different dimensions. Firstly, a large amount of the physical resources in the auto industry was devoted to the manufacture of larger cars instead of the smaller ones. Secondly, the American automobile labor had built up proficiency that was skilled and specialized in the manufacture and production of particular car models, and these were likely to be larger vehicle models. In Pakistan also the increase in oil prices had impact on many enterprises. Many different small to medium Automobile companies in the manufacturing sector are facing a severe threat of downsizing, closures, layoffs and limited production cuts due to an abrupt rise in their cost and expenditures of doing manufacturing and a significant reduction in their car sales. According to the owners of different small automakers, the sales of different auto parts have plunged downwards to 30%-in proportion to the reduction in the car sales. The overall margins have also dropped down. With reference to the statistics of Pakistan Automotive Manufactures Association, car sales during the period of 2008-09 positioned at 82,844 units, which were declined by 48% from 164,650 units in the 2007-08. According to Birol and Keppler (2007) the association between mobility, calculated as time spent in movement, and economic output is more stable than the relationship between output and fuel utilization, partly due to increased possibilities of substitution between the latter. This examination bears a significant policy lesson: relative price changes to decrease energy consumption per unit of output are most effective where possibilities for substitution are highest. (Birol, Keppler, 2007) Storchmann (2005) employed a pooled model to calculate approximate average fuel utilization using various explanatory variables such as, population, private income, urbanization rates, density, oil prices and automobile expenditures. The sales of automobile sector is affected by all these variables. Thomas Klier and Joshua Linn estimated the impact of the price of gasoline on the demand for fuel efficient vehicles. They institute the idea that gasoline prices considerably influence the new auto market and the price escalations explained almost half of the down turn in market share of U.S auto firms. The outcomes suggested that consumer demand reacts when the price of gasoline increases or rise up during 1970à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s and near the beginning of 1980à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. During stable prices in the middle period, the sales had a negligible effect by the prices of gasoline; their results were steady with casual observation of the new auto market. Hamilton (1988) used a model called sectoral shifts that elucidated how an oil price slog might lower real GDP. The primary propagation method in this model is that an oil price escalation will lower consumer buying power of energy-using commodities such as automobiles. Goldberg (1998) determined the rebound effect by means of the Consumer Expenditure Survey for the years between 1984-1990, as an ingredient of a bigger equation system that also forecast the effect of oil on automobile sales and prices. Lutz Kilian in 2007 used Regression analysis to discuss that Automobile purchases were by far the most responsive expenditure item when the oil prices fluctuates. Purchase of other durables goods for instance appliances or furniture; by contrast, are far less responsive to energy price swings. Spending on public transportation and on food at home are few of the expenditure items that privileged from unexpected elevated energy prices. There will be a demand side impact of oil price increases. When oil prices rise, consumers are likely to delay or postpone their purchasing durables such as automobiles. This demand side impact leads to relative increase in inventories to sales and then decline industrial production. 4.0 RESEARCH METHOD The objective of this study is to determine the impact of local oil prices on Pakistanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Automobile sales. The research is exploratory in nature and relied on secondary research and data collection, reviewing available literature and data. The sample data consists of five years monthly oil prices; taken from OGRA (Oil and Gas regulatory authority), and five years monthly auto sales; taken from PAMA (Pakistan Automotive Manufacturers Association.) An extensive secondary data analysis was done where the impact of oil prices were observed and the related research were also examined to find out the linkages of the oil prices with the auto sales, data analysis was done through Ms-excel. The statistical tool used is regression and correlation. The tables were also generated through Ms-Excel 2007 version. 5.0 HYPOTHESIS TESTING The purpose of this research is to find the relationship between Local oil prices and the Pakistanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s auto industry sales. Globally, researchers have observed that oil plays a major role in impacting the Automobile industry sales. In our research we are also testing the following hypothesis. H1: The local oil prices have a direct impact on Automobile sales in Pakistan. 5.1 INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT VARIABLE 5.1.1 Independent Variable à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" domestic oil prices In Pakistan, the oil prices passed through to domestic consumers is determined by Oil and Gas regulatory authority (OGRA) and although the oil price in international oil market fluctuates on a daily basis, in Pakistan the pass through is carried out after every 15 days. The international oil prices impact almost every sector of the country from transportation to the Agriculture. Hence oil is the backbone of every sector of the economy and plays an important role in the development of any economy. 5.1.2 Dependent Variable à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Pakistanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Auto mobile Sales Pakistanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s automobile sales were taken from PAMA which is a registered Pakistan Automobiles Association company. The global oil crisis has affected Pakistan economy severely. Automobile sector has been greatly impacted by the oil price shocks. 6.0 DATA ANALYSIS: The data analysis was done through Ms-Excel 2007, Correlation and Regression analysis was done to find out the relationship between the two variables. The monthly local oil prices were compared with the monthly automobile sales. The regression Analysis was done to determine if escalation in oil prices affects the sales of automobile industry or not, to find out this the following equation has been used Y = a + bx Here Y= auto sales And X= oil prices Sales = f (oil price) S=16,150.92-32.03(oil price) Negative sign of X intercept shows that the result is inline with the literature review i.e. with the increase in oil prices, automobile sales is declining. However the relationship is insignificant because P value is 0.51 (greater that 0.05).Therefore, the research hypothesis has been rejected and there is no relationship between oil prices and sales of auto industry. Table 6.1 ANOVA and level of Significance ANOVA df SS MS F Significance F Regression 1.00 7,521,403.95 7,521,403.95 0.44 0.51 Residual 55.00 939,576,283.03 17,083,205.15 Total 56.00 947,097,686.98 Table 6.2: Regression Statistics of the tested variables Multiple R 0.09 R Square 0.01 Adjusted R Square (0.01) Multiple R is 0.09 which means the correlation between the two variables is negligible. R square is also 1% which also indicates negligible effect of oil on the auto sales .Y intercept signifies that if oil price is 0, still the auto sales will be 16,150.92 units. Whereas, the slope indicates that with the increase in oil prices, the auto sales will decrease with 32.03 units. Log of both the variables was tested in order to find out the linearity, but no such relationship exists between the two variables. 7.0 CONCLUSION IMPLICATIONS The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of local oil prices on automobile sales in Pakistan. After conducting this research the results indicates that there is no significant impact on the Auto sales when the oil price changes. The escalation in the petroleum prices plays a major role in the automobile industry worldwide. When the price of oil increases, it evidently alarms the automobile industry because the auto companies are in the competition with one another to fulfill the new demands for more fuel efficient consumer mindful at condensed price. Furthermore, rise in the petroleum prices also impacts the kind of means of transportation demanded by the buyer and the way those vehicle motors are designed. However after studying the oil price impact on Pakistanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s automobile industry sales the research concluded that the relationship of oil prices and auto sales does not exists in Pakistan. The result shows that the correlation between the two variables is very minor and the significance value F indicated that there is no linear relationship between the two variables.

Well-known American Author Toni Morrison - 1182 Words

Toni Morrison (named Chloe Anthony Wofford at birth) was born in Lorain, Ohio, on February 18, in 1931, to Ramah (nà ©e Willis) and George Wofford. She is the second child of four in a middle-class family. As a child, Morrison read frequently; her favorite authors were Jane Austen and Leo Tolstoy. Morrisons father told her many folktales of the black community (something that would later be apart of Morrisons works). Morrison is a well known American author, editor, and professor who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1993 for being an author who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality. Her novels are amazing themes, vivid dialogue, and detailed African-American characters; among the best known are her novels The Bluest Eye, Song of Solomon, and Beloved, which helped her in 1998 as she won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in. 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Visual Analysis Copy free essay sample

The brilliant lemon-yellow color used as the background and rigorous design Of the floral Objects caught my attention immediately, and the exotic landscape in the main scene indicates its unique historical value as a product of Chinese exports trade. As a native of Canton (also called as Swoon-chow)r am honored to learn that this Lidded Chinese Canton Enamel Vase is part of the Asian Art Collection in the M. I. A. And I consider it as an exquisite item among various Chinese ceramics in M. I. A.This Lidded Chinese Canton Enamel Vase bears a Ganglion reign mark indicating it was manufactured during Ganglion period (1 736 1 795) of the King Dynasty. It is a baluster-shaped vase with a flared foot and short, wasted neck. The final, luxurious gilding of rim and base indicate a second firing had been completed. The vase is 23. CM in height, moderate in size yet relatively deep. This elegant vase is decorated entirely in colored glaze enamels that make its surface extremely smooth. Multiple bright colors used in this enamel vase with a warm lemon-yellow ground project a pleasant and harmonious mood.The scroll of rosebud on the lid is pink, shaded with a rose-purple color. Its vigorous design is neatly crafted. The vase has various geometric shapes that are not identical due to different widths in rim, shoulder, and base. However, the overall layout of this vase is strongly harmonious, and its movement is fairly stable and rhythmic. The rim, shoulder and base are all decorated with bands of twisted ribbons. The first pink and yellow twisted ribbons decorated within interlaced borders run below the rim. Stylized roses and chrysanthemums are paneled on the neck, alternately in profile and full face, finely shaded with three-pointed leaves.A band of hooked leaves are drawn eight below the floral buds, presenting an effective contrast between bold and delicate elements. Underneath the leaves is another band of cloud motif filling with tendrils and flowers around the shoulder. On the shoulder, two dragonhead-like knobs, from which loose gilt-copper ring-handles are suspended, are positioned at the widest point of the body. The stepped, domed cover has a gilt-cooper final. Next, filling the background behind the crouched are scattered chrysanthemums, peonies, and camellia.The horizontal design of camellias is outlined in cobalt blue; the charming harassment are outlined in orange; while the peonies bouquet is outlined in rose-purple with leaves and stems in black. The main dabbed-on background is lemon-yellowish with fine speckles of black. The hanging orange peonies to the left is fringed with drop-like pistils. Besides, the color of rose collar becomes lighten from the outer edges of the petals towards the center, which has yellow stamens and black pistils. Leaves are green, in varied paler and darker tones.The smaller leaves are shaded in grey, and the larger ones are alternately pale and turquoise-green. All floral objects are rush-painted with a curvilinear stroke, soft and light, starting from the center of the flower; leaves, too, are painted in lightly modulated strokes. The main body of this Chinese Canton Enamel Vase was painted in delicately colored enamels with a countryside landscape with figures. The large crouched depicts a pastoral scene with a lady and two children with European style dressing. The rosy-cheeked woman sits down with an instrument on her thigh.On her curly hair, she is wearing an iron red ribbon with broad gold- stripe. As for clothes, the lady wears blue gold-edged bodice and a skirt with triples in pale purple and yellow. On her right side, a little boy holds up a bottle of beverage. He is wearing a brimmed lilac hat on his brown hair, a blue coat with lilac lining, yellow trousers, and lilac shoes. The costume is adorned with tied ribbons in colors and trimming in gold. Under the tree, there is another boy in prone position enjoying the wonderful scene. In the background, the dramatic landscape is made up of low and rolling hills, residential houses, trees and river streams.This scene enclosed within borders formed by the interlinked rue-hi motifs. All borders painted on this enamel vase are slender, smooth and dominant horizontal. Multiple geometrical borders described above have also repeated on the base of the vase. In addition, a band of stylized lapis-blue twisted ribbons across a brown rope decorates the foot. Overall, this extremely dedicated enamel vase has naturalistic characteristics and auspicious emblems that reflect the cutting edge of the Swoon-glazed porcelain. While Chinese ceramic arts rapidly developed during the Mining and King dynasties, it reached new heights in Canton.This Chinese Canton Enamel Vase was made with a unique manufacturing technology known as the Swoon glazed technique, a decoration style similar to fennec (Powdery colors). The following paragraphs will discuss the artistic and historical value of the Swoon- glazed decoration style. Sherman Lee says, The greatest innovations in King porcelains are to be found in the enamel-decorated wares. (Lee, IPPP) Specifically, unprecedented achievement is shown in the development of families rose, which was also utilized for imperial porcelain of surpassing quality called Raised Enamel (falling) decoration.By the very end of the Kananga Period, the falling decoration had developed to become fennec (powdery colors, Lee, IPPP), a style in which an opaque white pigment mixed with colored enamels to produce opaque and delicately variegated tints and shades. Particularly, Swoon-glazed d ecoration is believed to be a very similar style to fennec. These styles are noted for their fine paste, brilliant glazes, luxuriant colors, exquisite carving and versatile forms. Most importantly, Swoon-glazed and fennec styles reveal Western influence through novel and creative design.Swoon-glazed decoration shows that the craftsmen ad not only inherited the traditions of the past but had also made significant innovations. By comparing similar families rose objects that were produced around the same period, such as the Baluster vase, Bottle vase, and Bowl (Figs. 679, 680, 681), to the fennec Bowl (CPA. 55), one can clearly see the similarity and difference between families rose and Swoon-glazed decoration styles. As for similarity, yellow, red, blue and purple are the most regularly used colors in both kinds. Both families rose and Swoon-glazed wares are decorated with floral motifs with designs vigorously drawn. Decorations of caches and peonies are also popularly used in both styles. In addition, both decoration styles required a second time firing at a lower temperature after the color had been painted on glazed porcelain. Background Color used and exterior design appear to be the major distinctions between Swoon-glaze and families rose decoration styles. First, colors used on Swoon-glazed wares and the fennec Bowl (CPA. 55) have brilliant yellow backgrounds.Other colors used are much sharper and brighter than those used on families rose wares. Next, families rose wares show conservative design in distinctive Chinese features, which were suited to the tastes of the literati and officials in feudal China. For instance, King style landscape and oriental style objects such as water lilies, cherry blossoms and bamboo trees are frequently used on families rose wares, whereas roses, violet, and lily, fruits are more commonly seen on Swoon-glazed wares that were tailored for merchandise exports.Additionally, Swoon-glaze craftsmen adopted western artistic styles in order to produce export goods that pleased foreigners. Therefore, using western painting subjects is one unique characteristic of Swoon;glazed decoration that fraternities it from families rose. The subject matter of these wares is extensive: flowers, western landscape, churches and missionaries. Oftentimes, painters imitated archaic glazes. These Western themes made sense because Swoon-glazed ware was predominantly produced for export trade. The birthplace of Swoon-glazed wares, Canton, is located close to the sea and at the mouth of the pearl River with well developed rive and land route. It has been regarded as the center of foreign trade, as well as one of the important starting points of the Silk Road on The Sea. Therefore, Swoon- lazed wares rapidly achieved their international reputation thanks to Cantons well-developed export trade, which spurred the market for regional handicrafts.

Where Did the Originality Go free essay sample

Okay, so I was listening to The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus album today on their MySpace page. I was really impressed in the beginning. What happened? It started off good with You Better Pray and then kicked in with a bunch of softer melodic junk from there. Senioritis was a pretty good song too, but why did it have to be so short? This is definitely not the previous hardcore RJA, no, this is much softer. I really respect everything that they write, the music that they play, and their experiences and talents, but this was seriously a letdown for me. On the previous album, they had two acoustic tracks if I remember correctly. The rest of the album was full of electric guitar and screaming. I really hope that the band is going to play those older songs too on the tour, because the new songs dont really represent who The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus was before. We will write a custom essay sample on Where Did the Originality Go? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On this whole album, Lonely Road, I get 2 lines of scream in the first song? Is that a tactic to draw more people into listening to the rest? Thankfully, I have a wide variety of musical tastes, and this album wasnt a total flop. It showed a lot of Ronnies vocals from In Fates Hands, and even a more soulful side, which I was surprised. I really hope that the next album will be more rock and roll, because this was obviously just a plot to put RJA in the mainstream.

Exercise Essays - Physical Exercise, Self Care,

Exercise Exercise gives you a feeling of happiness. Exercise also releases endorphins into the body, which give your body a natural boost. Endorphins are natural pain killers that give you a feeling of happiness and positive well being. They usually peak about one hour after exercise. Exercise can reduce pent up frustration. Stress can lead to higher levels of pent up frustration. This in turn can aggravate panic of phobic tendencies. Exercise can help to reduce this pent up frustration. Exercise can take your mind off your problems. Exercise can help to take your mind of your problems. How often have you been stressed after a hard day's work or worrying about paying a bill, only to have it all wash away as you take in a change of scene, kicking a ball, or running in a park. You look better. Exercise tones up your muscles, reduces weight and improves your health. This can make you feel better and improve your self esteem and confidence. While it may sound shallow, it is a significant affect for people who derive self-esteem from their looks. Exercise can provide social support. Exercise also gives you the opportunity to meet other similar minded people, especially exercise that involves others. Sharing your time with others can improve your mood and reduce your stress.

Stalin - For the good of the State essays

Stalin - For the good of the State essays Assessing Russian Reactions to Stalin's Time Overcoming all of the problems that were inherent during the Stalin years is something that will take generations for the new Russian Federation to accomplish. The inefficient bureaucracy; brutal suppression of individuality, creativity, and opposing viewpoints; personal abuse of authority and exploitation of the lower classes; and the sheer power of a government which struck complete terror into the very core of an entire nation is a seventy-year habit that Russia must work diligently to reverse. Hochschild relates a saying that perfectly describes how the average person felt during Stalin's time (and even into modern times): "If you live with the wolves, you must howl with the wolves" (9). This illustrates how the population sought conformity and belonging. The purported reason for all of the atrocities committed was for 'the good of the State', but in reality, Stalin was the state. Everything else served to support and serve him. In his need for unassailable control, he determine d that he was so great that there must be opposition, and it must be rooted out. And rooted out it was, even if it had to be created by arresting, imprisoning, exiling, and executing the innocent. To this day, still found among the people of Russia, is that desire to belong and conform, but more so is the tendency to be afraid to mention the terrible things that went on during Stalin's rule. How does one describe an entire nation in denial? The answer is: Not very easily. Organizations are springing up in the wake of glasnost and perestroika, and the removal of censorship once rampant in the USSR. These organizations are serving as a means of the displaced, the separated families, and the victims of Stalin's brutalities to comfort, reassure, inform, and remember all that was not only lost, but violently taken away. ...

Midlife development on Marriage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Midlife development on Marriage - Research Paper Example This paper aims to identify the challenges that couples go through during the empty nest years or midlife marriage. From a review of the current literature, the paper reveals some of the proposed solutions offered by psychologists and marriage counselors to resolve the problems that couples may encounter. The metaphor of the empty nest has been commonly used to refer to the time when couples are left alone again, after the children have grown up and left their home to build their own lives. The empty nest, as some authors identify, brings challenges to the married couple (Arp & Arp, 1996; Waldron & Kelly, 2009). Some may find these years to be challenging while others may struggle with the new setup. The problems dealt with in midlife marriage are different from those that occur in the early stages of marriage when the couples are young, children are little, and opportunities abound to offer excitement. The current literature suggests that the challenges in midlife marriage are often related to midlife crisis (Jones, 2008; Courter & Gaudettte, 2003). The sad part is, even though both the husband and wife are experiencing the crisis stage, women find it more difficult to deal with their husband’s crisis. ... In many stories, the midlife marriage was ruined by the crisis, as the husband demonstrated incapability to understand and face their crisis. In the same way, unaware of what their husbands are going through, the wives were caught unprepared for the crumbling marriage. The stories of women imply the tendency of the husband to find a new partner despite many years of peaceful marriage, and in spite of the women’s effort to build a perfect home. One of the common characteristics of unhappy midlife marriage implied in the narratives (Courter & Gaudette, 2003; Waldron & Kelly, 2009) is the man’s infidelity alongside with the woman’s financial dependency. Some women confessed doing what they thought would please their husband such as making the house tidy before the man arrives and taking care of the children. Despite these, however, they found out one day the shocking proof that their marriage has fallen as their husband found another woman. Thus, the core of the pro blem could be traced in the way the man deals with his crisis. As Courter and Gaudette note, it is the inability of the man to identify the ambiguities of his experiences and his inability to express his feelings that could lead to a further marital problem. In contrast with the men, women deal with their midlife crisis differently. In Thurnher’s (1976) study, which investigates the differences in midlife marriage perceptions between the two genders, the author notes that women more than men in the middle life express a more displeased evaluation of marriage. Comparing the result of this study to the observation from the Courter and Gaudette (2008) stories, one may verify the inability of men to express their true feelings.